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Pap test and gynecological ultrasound: two important steps in cancer prevention

Published on 1 October 2026 · Dr. Medical Clinic & Lab

Cervical cancer is among the most common cancers in women, but it is also one of the most preventable if changes are detected early. The two most important examinations for this purpose are the Pap test and the gynecological ultrasound.

What is a Pap test?

The Pap test identifies changes in the cells of the cervix before they turn into cancer. During the examination, the doctor uses a small brush to take a sample of cells from the cervix. The procedure takes a few minutes and is usually not painful, although it may cause mild discomfort.

Most cases of cervical cancer are linked to persistent infection with certain types of the HPV virus. The Pap test, combined with an HPV test where appropriate, allows changes to be detected and treated long before they become dangerous.

What does a gynecological ultrasound show?

A gynecological ultrasound assesses the uterus, the ovaries and the surrounding structures. It helps detect fibroids, ovarian cysts, changes in the endometrium and causes of pain or irregular cycles. It is painless and involves no radiation.

When and how often is the Pap test done?

Women are advised to start having Pap tests at around age 21 and to repeat them regularly – usually every 1 to 3 years, depending on age, previous results and the gynecologist’s advice – even when they have no symptoms. A gynecological check-up with ultrasound is usually done once a year.

How to prepare for the Pap test

Do not schedule it during your period;
For 48 hours before the test, avoid sexual intercourse, vaginal douching and vaginal creams or pessaries;
Tell the doctor if you are pregnant or have had abnormal results before.

When to see a gynecologist without waiting

If you have bleeding between periods or after intercourse, pain in the lower abdomen or unusual discharge, do not wait for your annual check-up.

At Dr. Medical Clinic & Lab

The Pap test and gynecological ultrasound are part of the gynecological check-up at our clinic. Read more at Gynecology in Tirana or see the 2026 Packages.