Polycystic Ovary Syndrome

Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) is a common hormonal disorder in women of reproductive age. It is characterized by irregular, infrequent or absent menstrual cycles, as well as high levels of male hormones (androgens).

PCOS occurs when the ovaries develop many small fluid-filled sacs, located mainly in their outer layer, called microcysts. Their presence causes menstrual cycle disorders and, in some cases, a lack of ovulation.

The causes of PCOS are still unknown, but contributing factors include increased insulin levels, low-grade inflammation, heredity and high androgen levels.

The symptoms of PCOS vary from one patient to another, but some common signs include:

1. Menstrual cycle disorders – infrequent, irregular or prolonged menstrual cycles (not every month).
2. High androgen levels – increased facial and body hair (hirsutism) and acne.
3. Polycystic ovaries – ovaries that are larger than normal and contain many small microcysts.

If PCOS is suspected, it is important to consult a specialist gynecologist. Early diagnosis and timely treatment, together with a healthy diet and physical activity, can help improve health and reduce the risk of long-term complications such as type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease.

Treatment of PCOS is based on each patient’s goals. It may include lifestyle changes, hormonal treatment and other medications that help stabilize the menstrual cycle, improve fertility and minimize other symptoms.